Rumah, Tempat Kembali: Pemaknaan Rumah pada Mahasiswa Rantau
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.mps.2020.006.02.7Keywords:
meanings of home, regional students, qualitative studyAbstract
Regional students (Indonesian: Mahasiswa rantau) are individuals who should move away from home to study in other cities, who are highly likely to experience feelings of homesickness. In this research, we aimed to understand what causes regional students’ homesickness and what the meanings of home for them are. Participants in this research were 15 regional students from the Faculty of Psychology, Padjadjaran University, who were recruited through convenience sampling. This research was designed as a qualitative study with a phenomenological approach. Data in this research, which were drawn from in-depth interviews, revealed eight themes related to regional students’ homesickness. These themes included feelings, activities, routines, food, pets, family and friends, home atmosphere, and rooms. Additional findings uncovered two meanings of homesickness for regional students, that is, “home is feelings†and “home is familyâ€. Empirical findings in this research provide a useful insight into the prevention of regional students’ homesickness, by focusing on the meanings of home and efforts to provide new environment for those students.
Mahasiswa rantau merupakan individu yang harus meninggalkan daerah asal untuk menuntut ilmu di kota lain, yang sangat mungkin mengalami perasaan rindu rumah atau homesickness. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami berbagai hal sebagai sumber homesickness dan makna rumah bagi mahasiswa rantau. Subjek penelitian adalah 15 mahasiswa rantau Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Padjadjaran, yang direkrut melalui convenience sampling. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Hasil penelitian atas dasar wawancara mendalam dengan subjek penelitian menemukan delapan tema yang terkait dengan homesickness mahasiswa rantau, yaitu perasaan, aktivitas, rutinitas, makanan, hewan peliharaan, keluarga dan teman, suasana rumah, serta kamar. Temuan lain mengungkap dua makna rumah bagi mahasiswa rantau, yaitu “rumah adalah perasaan†dan “rumah adalah keluargaâ€. Hasil penelitian ini dapat digunakan sebagai acuan untuk pencegahan homesickness pada mahasiswa rantau, dengan fokus pada makna rumah bagi mereka dan upaya menyediakan lingkungan baru mereka.
Â
Downloads
References
Adit, A. (2020, Januari 27). Daftar 95 perguruan tinggi terakreditasi A Indonesia. Kompas. Diambil dari https://edukasi.kompas.com/read/2020/01/27/13081761/daftar-95-perguruan-tinggi-terakreditasi-a-indonesia
Ainsworth, M. D., Blehar, M., Waters, E., & Wall, S. (1978). Patterns of attachment: A psychological study of the strange situation. New York: Erlbaum.
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorder (DSM-5). In American Psychiatric Association (5th ed.). American Psychiatric Association. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.111.479.1009-a
Mahasiswa asal Riau terbanyak kedua di Yogyakarta. (2014, September 20). AntaraRiau.Com. Diakses dari https://riau.antaranews.com/berita/42711/mahasiswa-asal-riau-terbanyak-kedua-di-yogyakarta
Archer, J., Ireland, J., Amos, S., Board, H., & Currid, L. (1998). Derivation of a homesickness scale. British Journal of Psychology, 89, 205–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8295.1998.tb02681.x
Azizi, S. (2015). Relationship between homesickness and test anxiety in non-native students of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences International Branch in the clinical and physiopathology course in 2013. Global Journal of Health Science, 8(7), 293–300. https://doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v8n7p293
Blumer, H. (1986). Symbolic interactionism: Perspective and method. USA: University of California Press.
Bowlby, J. (1982). Attachment and loss: Attachment (2nd ed., Vol. 1). New York, USA: Basic Books.
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77-101. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-35913-1
Cave, C. B. (1997). Very long-lasting priming in picture naming. Psychological Science, 8, 322–325. https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1467-9280.1997.tb00446.x
Compton, W. C., & Hoffman, E. (2013). Positive psychology the science of happiness and flourishing (2nd ed.). Belmont, CA, USA: Wadsworth Publishing.
Coward, S. (2018). Home life: The meaning of home for people who have experienced homelessness (Doctoral dissertation, University of Sheffiled, United Kingdom). Diakses dari http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/21626/
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed method approaches (5th ed.). UK: Sage Publication, Inc. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004
Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2018). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (4th ed.). UK: Sage Publication, Inc.
Dunn, W. W. (2000). Habit: What's the brain got to do with it?. The Occupational Therapy Journal of Research, 20(55), 608-620. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.55.6.608
Dyson, R., & Renk, K. (2006). Freshmen adaptation to university life: Depressive symptoms, stress, and coping. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 62(10), 1231–1244. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20295
Feist, J., & Feist, G. J. (2009). Theories of personality. Boston, MA: McGraw Hill Higher Education.
Fidzani, L. C., & Read, M. A. (2012). Bedroom personalization by urban adolescents in Botswana: Developing place attachment. Children Youth and Environments, 22(2), 66-92. https://doi.org/10.7721/chilyoutenvi.22.2.0066
Hawkins, R. D., & Williams, J. M. (2017). Childhood attachment to pets: Associations between pet attachment, attitudes to animals, compassion, and humane behaviour. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(5). 490. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14050490
Hendrickson, B., Rosen, D., & Aune, R. K. (2011). An analysis of friendship networks, social connectedness, homesickness, and satisfaction levels of international students. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 35(3), 281-295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2010.08.001
Istanto, T. L., & Engry, A. (2019). Hubungan antara dukungan sosial dan homesickness pada mahasiswa rantau yang berasal dari luar pulau Jawa di Universitas Katolik Widya Mandala Surabaya Kampus Pakuwon City. Jurnal Experientia, 7, 19–30. Diakses dari https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/714d/26afb10174c9c768a538606cc30dff465dc8.pdf
Johnson, M. K., Kim, J. K., & Risse, G. (1985). Do alcoholic Korsakoff’s syndrome patients acquire affective reactions? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 11(1), 22–36. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.11.1.22
Menristekdikti umumkan klasterisasi perguruan tinggi Indonesia 2019, fokuskan hasil dari perguruan tinggi. (2019, Agustus 16). Ristekdikti.go.id. Diakses 29 November 2020 dari https://lldikti12.ristekdikti.go.id/2019/08/17/menristekdikti-umumkan-klasterisasi-perguruan-tinggi-indonesia-2019-fokuskan-hasil-dari-perguruan-tinggi.html
Lincoln S. (2015) ‘My bedroom is me’: Young people, private space, consumption and the family home. In E. Casey & Y. Taylor (Eds.), Intimacies, critical consumption and diverse economies (pp 87-106). London, UK: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137429087_5
Lingga, R. W. W. L., & Tuapattinaja, J. M. R. (2012). Gambaran virtue mahasiswa perantau. Predicara, 1(2), 59-68. Diakses dari https://jurnal.usu.ac.id/index.php/predicara/article/view/533/308
Lumawo, F. (2007). Gambaran homesickness dan identifikasi tipe attachment pada mahasiswa indonesia yang menjalankan studi di luar negeri (Skripsi, Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya, Jakarta, Indonesia). Diakses dari https://lib.atmajaya.ac.id/default.aspx?tabID=61&src=k&id=146075
Nijhof, K. S., & Engels, R. C. M. E. (2007). Parenting styles, coping strategies, and the expression of homesickness. Journal of Adolescence, 30(5), 709–720. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2006.11.009
Pina-Concas, M., Catamo, E., Biino, G., Tonioli, D., Gasparini, P., & Robino, A. (2019). Factors associated with food liking and their relationship with metabolic traits in Italian Cohorts. Food Quality and Preference, 75, 64-70. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.foodqual.2019.02.010
Poyrazli, S., & Lopez, M. D. (2007). An exploratory study of perceived discrimination and homesickness: A comparison of international students and American students. Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied, 141(3), 263–280. https://doi.org/10.3200/JRLP.141.3.263-280
Robinson, O. C. (2014). Sampling in interview-based qualitative research: A theoretical and practical guide. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 11(1), 25–41. https://doi.org/10.1080/14780887.2013.801543
Russo-Netzer, P., Schulenberg, S. E., & Batthyany, A. (2016). Clinical perspectives on meaning: Understanding, coping and thriving through science and practice. In P. Russo-Netzer, S. E. Schulenberg, & A. Batthyany (Eds.), Clinical perspectives on meaning: Positive and existential psychotherapy (p. 1–13). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41397-6_1
Santrock, J. W. (2016). Adolescence (16th ed.). USA: Mc Graw Hill Education.
Santrock, J. W. (2020). A topical approach to life-span development (10th ed.). USA: Mc Graw Hill.
Scannell, L., & Gifford, R. (2010). Defining place attachment: A tripartite organizing framework. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 30(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2009.09.006
Scannel, L., & Gifford, R. (2013). Comparing theories of interpersonal and place attachment. In L. C. Manzo & P. Devine-Wright (Eds.), Place attachment: Advances in theory, methods, and application (pp. 23–36). UK: Routledge.
Scannell, L., & Gifford, R. (2016). Place attachment enhances psychological need satisfaction. Environment and Behavior, 49(4), 359–389. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916516637648
Scharp, K. M., Paxman, C. G., & Thomas, L. J. (2015). “I Want to go homeâ€: Homesickness experiences and social-support-seeking practices. Environment and Behavior, 48(9), 1175–1197. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916515590475
Shaver, P. R., & Mikulincer, M. (2007). Attachment theory and research: Core concepts, basic principles, conceptual bridges. In A. Kruglanski & E. T. Higgins (Eds.), Social psychology: Handbook of basic principles (pp. 650-677). New York: Guilford Press.
Stroebe, M., Schut, H., & Nauta, M. (2015). Homesickness: A systematic review of the scientific literature. Review of General Psychology, 19(2), 157-171. https://doi.org/10.1037%2Fgpr0000037
Stroebe, M., Schut, H., & Nauta, M. H. (2016). Is homesickness a mini-grief? Development of a dual process model. Clinical Psychological Science, 4(2), 344–358. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167702615585302
Stroebe, M., Van Vliet, T., Hewstone, M., & Willis, H. (2002). Homesickness among students in two cultures: Antecedents and consequences. British Journal of Psychology, 93(2), 147–168. https://doi.org/10.1348/000712602162508
Sun, J. (2015). Homesick at college: A predictive model for first-year first-time students (Dissertation, Iowa State University, USA). Diakses dari from http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/14890
Thurber, C. A., Walton, E., Murray, R. D., Frankowski, B. L., Gereige, R. S., Mears, C. J., Roland, M. M., Young, T. L., Grant, L. M., Hyman, D., Magalnick, H., Monteverdi, G. J., Pattishall, E. G., LaCursia, N., Mazyck, D., Vernon-Smiley, M., Wallace, R., & Li, S. (2007). Preventing and treating homesickness. Pediatrics, 119(1), 192–201. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2006-2781
Thurber, C. A., & Walton, E. A. (2012). Homesickness and adjustment in university students. Journal of American College Health, 60(5), 415–419. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2012.673520
Statistik Universitas Padjadjaran September 2016. (2016). Unpad.ac.id. Diakses 20 November 2020 dari http://www.unpad.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/Unpad-Dalam-Angka-2016.pdf
Vingerhoets, A. J. J. M. (2005). The Homesickness concept: Questions and doubts. In M. A. L. Van-Tilburg & A. J. J. M. Vingerhoets (Eds.), Psychological aspects of geographical moves: Homesickness and acculturation stress. Netherlands: Tilburg University Press.
Wądołowska, L., Babicz-Zielińska, E., & Czarnocińskac, J. (2008). Food choice models and their relation with food preferences and eating frequency in the Polish population: POFPRES study. Food Policy (33), 122–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.20
