Pengasuhan Ibu dan Nenek-Kakek: Keterkaitannya dengan Penyesuaian Keluarga dan Perilaku Bermasalah Anak
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.mps.2020.006.01.2Keywords:
family adjustment, grandparenting, maternal parenting, misbehaviour, young childrenAbstract
As working mothers increase, more children are taken care of by their grandparents. At present, only a few studies have investigated the impact of grandparenting on young children’s misbehaviours. To fill this void, in this research we aimed to test the effect of maternal parenting and grandparenting on children’s misbehaviours. We also investigated the effect of family adjustment (i.e., stress, family relationships, caregivers’ teamwork) on maternal parenting and grandparenting. Participants were 188 pairs of caregivers (mothers and grandparents) who had 2-6 years old children. Results showed that mothers’ authoritarian parenting and grandparents’ permissive parenting significantly contributed to children’s misbehaviours. Maternal stress and family relationships were significant predictors of mothers’ authoritarian parenting, whereas grandparental stress was a significant predictor of grandparents’ permissive parenting.
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Dengan semakin meningkatnya jumlah ibu yang bekerja, semakin banyak anak diasuh oleh nenek-kakeknya. Saat ini belum banyak penelitian yang mengungkap dampak pengasuhan nenek-kakek terhadap perilaku bermasalah anak usia dini. Untuk menutupi kekurangan ini, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh pengasuhan ibu dan nenek-kakek terhadap perilaku bermasalah anak. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk menguji sejauh mana faktor-faktor penyesuaian keluarga (yaitu: stres, relasi keluarga, kerjasama antar pengasuh) mempengaruhi pengasuhan ibu dan nenek-kakek. Partisipan penelitian adalah 188 pasang pengasuh (ibu dan nenek-kakek) yang memiliki anak atau cucu berusia 2-6 tahun. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengasuhan otoriter ibu dan pengasuhan permisif nenek-kakek memberikan sumbangan yang signifikan bagi masalah perilaku anak. Stres ibu dan relasi keluarga menentukan munculnya pengasuhan otoriter ibu. Pada nenek-kakek, stres menjadi prediktor utama bagi pengasuhan permisif.
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